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| ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 1 special features ? rohs compliant ? power-saving sleep mode ? industrial temperature range ? built-in drift compensation algorithm ? 128 bytes of user eeprom power requirements ? operating voltage: 2.5-5.0v 5% ? standby current: - 5v: 85 a, typical; 125 a (maximum) - 2.5v: 40 a, typical; 60 a (maximum) ? operating ?no touch? current: - 3.0 ma (typical) ? operating ?touch? current: - 17 ma, typical, with a touch sensor having 200 ? layers - actual current is dependent on the touch sensor used ? ar1011/ar1021 brown-out detection (bor) set to 2.2v touch modes ? off, stream, down, up and more. touch sensor support ? 4-wire, 5-wire and 8-wire analog resistive ? lead-to-lead resistance: 50-2,000 ??? typical) ? layer-to-layer capacitance: 0-0.5 f ? touch sensor time constant: 500 s (maximum) touch resolution ? 10-bit resolution (maximum) touch coordinate report rate ? 140 reports per second (typical) with a touch sensor of 0.02 f with 200 ? layers ? actual report rate is dependent on the touch sensor used communications ? spi, slave mode, p/n ar1021 ?i 2 c, slave mode, p/n, ar1021 ? uart, 9600 baud rate, p/n ar1011 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller
ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 2 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. table of contents 1.0 device overview ............................................................................................................................... ........................................... 3 2.0 basics of resistive sensors ............................................................................................................................... .......................... 5 3.0 hardware ............................................................................................................................... ....................................................... 9 4.0 i 2 c communications ............................................................................................................................... ................................... 14 5.0 spi communications ............................................................................................................................... ................................... 18 6.0 uart communications ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 22 7.0 touch reporting protocol ............................................................................................................................... ............................ 23 8.0 configuration registers ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 24 9.0 commands ............................................................................................................................... .................................................. 30 10.0 application notes ............................................................................................................................... ........................................ 39 11.0 electrical specifications ............................................................................................................................... ............................... 45 12.0 packaging information ............................................................................................................................... ................................. 47 appendix a: data sheet revision history ............................................................................................................................... ............. 57 appendix b: device differences ............................................................................................................................... ............................ 58 the microchip website ............................................................................................................................... .......................................... 59 customer change notification service ............................................................................................................................... ................. 59 customer support ............................................................................................................................... ................................................. 59 to our valued customers it is our intention to provide our valued customers with the be st documentation possible to ensure successful use of your micro chip products. to this end, we will continue to improve our publications to better suit your needs. our publications will be refined and enhanced as new volumes and updates are introduced. if you have any questions or comments regardi ng this publication, please contact the marketing communications department via e-mail at docerrors@microchip.com . we welcome your feedback. most current data sheet to obtain the most up-to-date version of this data sheet, please register at our worldwide website at: http://www.microchip.com you can determine the version of a data sheet by examining its literature number found on the bottom outside corner of any page . the last character of the literature number is the versio n number, (e.g., ds30000000a is ve rsion a of document ds30000000). errata an errata sheet, describing minor operational differences fr om the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for curren t devices. as device/documentation issues become known to us, we will publish an errata sheet. the errata will specify the revisi on of silicon and revision of document to which it applies. to determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please check with one of the following: ? microchip?s worldwide website; http://www.microchip.com ? your local microchip sales office (see last page) when contacting a sales office, please specify which device, re vision of silicon and data sheet (include literature number) you are using. customer notification system register on our website at www.microchip.com to receive the most current information on all of our products. ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 3 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 1.0 device overview the microchip mtouch ? ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller is a complete, easy to integrate, cost-effective and universal touch screen controller chip. the ar1000 series has sophisticated proprietary touch screen decoding algorithms to process all touch data, saving the host from the processing overhead. providing filtering capabilities beyond that of other low-cost devices, the ar1000 delivers reliable, validated, and calibrated touch coordinates. using the on-board eeprom, the ar1000 can store and independently apply the calibration to the touch coordinates before sending them to the host. this unique combination of features makes the ar1000 the most resource-efficient touch screen controller for system designs, including embedded system integrations. 1.1 applications the ar1000 series is designed for high volume, small form factor touch solutions with quick time to market requirements ? including, but not limited to: ? mobile communication devices ? personal digital assistants (pda) ? global positioning systems (gps) ? touch screen monitors ?kiosk ? media players ? portable instruments ? point of sale terminals figure 1-1: block diagram figure 1-2: pin diagram 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 v ss x- x+ 5wsx- y- y+ sx+ sdi/sda/rx nc sck/scl/tx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 v dd m1 sy- m2 wake siq sy+ ss sdo nc ar1000 series (ssop, soic) 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 x+ 5wsx- y- y+ sx+ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 sy- m1 m2 wake siq sy+ ss v dd v ss x- sdo nc sck/scl/tx nc sdi/sda/rx ar1000 series (qfn) ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 4 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. table 1-1: pin descriptions pin function description/comments ssop, soic qfn 118 v dd supply voltage 2 19 m1 communication selection 3 20 sy- sense y- (8-wire). tie to v ss , if not used. 4 1 m2 4/8-wire or 5-wire sensor selection 5 2 wake touch wake-up/touch detection 6 3 siq led drive/spi interrupt. no connect, if not used. 7 4 sy+ sense y+ (8-wire). tie to v ss , if not used. 8 5 ss slave select (spi). tie to v ss , if not used. 9 6 sdo spi serial data output/i 2 c interrupt. tie to vss, if uart. 10 7 nc no connection. no connect or tie to v ss or v dd . 11 8 sck/scl/tx spi/i 2 c serial clock/uart transmit 12 9 nc no connection. no connect or tie to v ss or v dd . 13 10 sdi/sda/rx i 2 c serial data/spi serial data input/uart receive 14 11 sx+ sense x+ (8-wire). tie to v ss , if not used. 15 12 y+ y+ drive 16 13 y- y- driv e 17 14 5wsx- 5w sense (5-wire)/sense x- (8-wire). tie to v ss , if not used. 18 15 x+ x+ drive 19 16 x- x- drive 20 17 v ss supply voltage ground ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 5 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 2.0 basics of resistive sensors 2.1 terminology ito (indium tin oxide) is the resistive coating that makes up the active area of the touch sensor. ito is a transparent semiconductor that is sputtered onto the touch sensor layers. flex or film or topsheet is the top sensor layer that a user touches. flex refers to the fact that the top layer physically flexes from the pressure of a touch. stable or glass is the bottom sensor layer that interfaces against the display. spacer adhesive is a frame of adhesive that connects the flex and stable layers together around the perimeter of the sensor. spacer dots maintain physical and electrical separation between the flex and stable layers. the dots are typically printed onto the stable layer. bus bars or silver frit electrically connect the ito on the flex and stable layers to the sensor?s interface tail. bus bars are typically screen printed silver ink. they are typically much lower in resistivity than the ito. x-axis is the left and right direction on the touch sensor. y-axis is the top and bottom direction on the touch sensor. drive lines supply a voltage gradient across the sensor. 2.2 general resistive 4, 5, and 8-wire touch sensors consist of two facing conductive layers, held in physical separation from each other. the force of a touch causes the top layer to deflect and make electrical contact with the bottom layer. touch position measurements are made by applying a voltage gradient across a layer or axis of the touch sensor. the touch position voltage for the axis can be measured using the opposing layer. a comparison of typical sensor constructions is shown below in tab l e 2 - 1 . the ar1000 series resistive touch screen controllers will work with any manufacturers of analog resistive 4, 5 and 8-wire touch screens. the communications and decoding are included, allowing the user the quickest simplest method of interfacing analog resistive touch screens into their applications. the ar1000 series was designed with an understanding of the materials and processes that make up resistive touch screens. the ar1000 series touch controller is not only reliable, but can enhance the reliability and longevity of the resistive touch screen, due to its advanced filtering algorithms and wide range of operation. table 2-1: sensor comparison sensor comments 4-wire less expensive than 5-wire or 8-wire lower power than 5-wire more linear (without correction) than 5-wire touch inaccuracies occur from flex layer damage or resistance changes 5-wire maintains touch accuracy with flex layer damage inherent nonlinearity often requires touch data correction touch inaccuracies occur from resistance changes 8-wire more expensive than 4-wire lower power than 5-wire more linear (without correction) than 5-wire touch inaccuracies occur from flex layer damaged maintains touch accuracy with resistance changes ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 6 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 2.3 4-wire sensor a 4-wire resistive touch sensor consists of a stable and flex layer, electrically separated by spacer dots. the layers are assembled perpendicular to each other. the touch position is determined by first applying a voltage gradient across the flex layer and using the stable layer to measure the flex layer?s touch position voltage. the second step is applying a voltage gradient across the stable layer and using the flex layer to measure the stable layer?s touch position voltage. the measured voltage at any position across a driven axis is predictable. a touch moving in the direction of the driven axis will yield a linearly changing voltage. a touch moving perpendicular to the driven axis will yield a relatively unchanging voltage (see figure 2-1 ). figure 2-1: 4-wire decoding ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 7 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 2.4 8-wire sensor an 8-wire resistive touch sensor consists of a stable and flex layer, electrically separated by spacer dots. the layers are assembled perpendicular to each other. the touch position is determined by first applying a voltage gradient across the flex layer and using the stable layer to measure the flex layer?s touch position voltage. the second step is applying a voltage gradient across the stable layer and using the flex layer to measure the stable layer?s touch position voltage. the measured voltage at any position across a driven axis is predictable. a touch moving in the direction of the driven axis will yield a linearly changing voltage. a touch moving perpendicular to the driven axis will yield a relatively unchanging voltage. the basic decoding of an 8-wire sensor is similar to a 4-wire. the difference is that an 8-wire sensor has four additional interconnects used to reference sensor voltage back to the controller. a touch system may experience voltage losses due to resistance changes in the bus bars and connection between the controller and sensor. the losses can vary with product use, temperature, and humidity. in a 4-wire sensor, variations in the losses manifest themselves as error or drift in the reported touch location. the four additional sense lines found on 8-wire sensors are added to dynamically reference the voltage to correct for this fluctuation during use (see figure 2-2 ). figure 2-2: 8-wire decoding ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 8 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 2.5 5-wire sensor a 5-wire resistive touch sensor consists of a flex and stable layer, electrically separated by spacer dots. the touch position is determined by first applying a voltage gradient across the stable layer in the x-axis direction and using the flex layer to measure the axis touch posi- tion voltage. the second step is applying a voltage gra- dient across the stable layer in the y-axis direction and using the flex layer to measure the axis touch position voltage. the voltage is not directly applied to the edges of the active layer, as it is for 4-wire and 8-wire sensors. the voltage is applied to the corners of a 5-wire sensor. to measure the x-axis, the left edge of the layer is driven with 0v (ground), using connections to the upper left and lower left sensor corners. the right edge is driven with +5 v dc , using connections to the upper right and lower right sensor corners. to measure the y-axis, the top edge of the layer is driven with 0v (ground), using connections to the upper left and upper right sensor corners. the bottom edge is driven with +5 v dc , using connections to the lower left and lower right sensor corners. the measured voltage at any position across a driven axis is predictable. a touch moving in the direction of the driven axis will yield a linearly changing voltage. a touch moving perpendicular to the driven axis will yield a relatively unchanging voltage (see figure 2-3 ). figure 2-3: 5-wire decoding ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 9 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 3.0 hardware 3.1 main schematic a main application schematic for the soic/ssop package pinout is shown in figure 3-1 . see figure 1-2 for the qfn package pinout. figure 3-1: main schematic (soic/ssop package pinout) ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 10 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 3.2 4, 5, 8-wire sensor selection the desired sensor type of 4/8-wire or 5-wire is hardware selectable using pin m2. if 4/8-wire has been hardware-selected, then the choice of 4-wire or 8-wire is software-selectable via the touchoptions configuration register. when 4/8-wire is hardware-selected, the controller defaults to 4-wire operation. if 8-wire operation is desired, then the touchoptions configuration register must be changed. 3.3 4-wire touch sensor interface sensor tail pinouts can vary by manufacturer and part number. ensure that both sensor tail pins for one sensor axis (layer) are connected to the controller?s x-/x+ pins and the tail pins for the other sensor axis (layer) are connected to the controller?s y-/y+ pins. the controller?s x-/x+ and y-/y+ pin pairs do not need to connect to a specific sensor axis. the orientation of controller pins x- and x+ to the two sides of a given sensor axis is not important. likewise, the orientation of controller pins y- and y+ to the two sides of the other sensor axis is not important. connections to a 4-wire touch sensor are as follows (see figure 3-2 ). figure 3-2: 4-wire touch sensor interface tie unused controller pins 5wsx-, sx+, sy-, and sy+ to v ss . see section 3.8 ?esd considerations? and section 3.9 ?noise considerations? for important information regarding the capacitance of the controller schematic hardware. table 3-1: 4/8-wire vs. 5-wire selection type m2 pin 4/8-wire v ss 5-wire v dd ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 11 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 3.4 5-wire touch sensor interface sensor tail pinouts can vary by manufacturer and part number. ensure sensor tail pins for one pair of diagonally related sensor corners are connected to the controller?s x-/x+ pins and the tail pins for the other pair of diagonally related corners are connected to the controller?s y-/y+ pins. the controller?s x-/x+ and y-/y+ pin pairs do not need to connect to a specific sensor axis. the orientation of controller pins x- and x+ to the two selected diagonal sensor corners is not important. likewise, the orientation of controller pins y- and y+ to the other two selected diagonal sensor corners is not important. the sensor tail pin connected to its top layer must be connected to the controller?s 5wsx- pin. connections to a 5-wire touch sensor are shown in figure 3-3 below. figure 3-3: 5-wire touch sensor interface tie unused controller pins sx+, sy-, and sy+ to v ss . see ? section 3.8 ?esd considerations? and section 3.9 ?noise considerations? for important information regarding the capacitance of the controller schematic hardware. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 12 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 3.5 8-wire touch sensor interface sensor tail pinouts can vary by manufacturer and part number. ensure both sensor tail pins for one sensor axis (layer) are connected to the controller?s x-/x+ pins and the tail pins for the other sensor axis (layer) are connected to the controller?s y-/y+ pins. the controller?s x-/x+ and y-/y+ pin pairs do not need to connect to a specific sensor axis. the orientation of controller pins x- and x+ to the two sides of a given sensor axis is not important. likewise, the orientation of controller pins y- and y+ to the two sides of the other sensor axis is not important. the 8-wire sensor differs from a 4-wire sensor in that each edge of an 8-wire sensor has a secondary connection brought to the sensor?s tail. these secondary connections are referred to as ?sense? lines. the controller pins associated with the sense line for an 8-wire sensor contain an ?s? prefix in their respective names. for example, the sy- pin is the sense line connection associated with the main y- pin connection. consult with the sensor manufacturer?s specification to determine which member of each edge connected pair is the special 8-wire ?sense? connection. incorrectly connecting the sense and excite lines to the controller will adversely affect performance. the controller requires that the main and ?sense? tail pin pairs for sensor edges be connected to controller pin pairs as follows: ? y- and sy- ? y+ and sy+ ? x- and 5wsx- ? x+ and sx+ connections to a 8-wire touch sensor are shown in figure 3-4 below. figure 3-4: 8-wire touch sensor interface see section 3.8 ?esd considerations? and section 3.9 ?noise considerations? for important information regarding the capacitance of the controller schematic hardware. ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 13 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 3.6 status led the led and associated resistor are optional. figure 3-5: led schematic the led serves as a status indicator that the controller is functioning. it will slow flash when the controller is running with no touch in progress. it will flicker quickly (mid-level on) when a touch is in progress. if the led is used with spi communication, then the led will be off with no touch and flicker quickly (mid-level on) when a touch is in progress. 3.7 wake pin the ar1000?s wake pin is described as ?touch wake-up/touch detection?. it serves the following three roles in the controller?s functionality: ? wake-up from touch ? touch detection ? measure sensor capacitance the application circuit shows a 20 k ? resistor connected between the wake pin and the x- pin on the controller chip. the resistor is required for product operation, based on all three of the above roles. 3.8 esd considerations esd protection is shown on the 4-wire, 5-wire, and 8-wire interface applications schematics. the capacitance of alternate esd diodes may adversely affect touch performance. a lower capacitance is better. the pesd5v0s1ba parts shown in the reference design have a typical capacitance of 35 pf. test to ensure that selected esd protection does not degrade touch performance. esd protection is shown in the reference design, but acceptable protection is dependent on your specific application. ensure your esd solution meets your design requirements. 3.9 noise considerations touch sensor filtering capacitors are included in the reference design. note: if the siq pin is not used, it must be left as a no connect and not tied to circuit v dd or v ss . warning: changing the value of the capacitors may adversely affect performance of the touch system. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 14 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 4.0 i 2 c communications the ar1021 is an i 2 c slave device with a 7-bit address of 0x4d, supporting up to 400 khz bit rate. a master (host) device interfaces with the ar1021. 4.1 i 2 c hardware interface a summary of the hardware interface pins is shown below in tab l e 4 - 1 . m1 pin ? the m1 pin must be connected to v ss to configure the ar1021 for i 2 c communications. scl pin ? the scl (serial clock) pin is electrically open-drain and requires a pull-up resistor, typically 2.2 k ? to 10 k ? , from scl to v dd . ? scl idle state is high. sda pin ? the sda (serial data) pin is electrically open-drain and requires a pull-up resistor, typically 2.2 k ? to 10 k ? , from sda to v dd . ? sda idle state is high. ? master write data is latched in on scl rising edges. ? master read data is latched out on scl falling edges to ensure it is valid during the subsequent scl high time. sdo pin ? the sdo pin is a driven output interrupt to the master. ? sdo idle state is low. ? sdo will be asserted high when the ar1021 has data ready (touch report or command response) for the master to read. table 4-1: i 2 c hardware interface ar1021 pin description m1 connect to v ss to select i 2 c communications scl serial clock sda serial data sdo data ready interrupt output to master ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 15 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 4.2 i 2 c pin voltage level characteristics 4.3 addressing the ar1021?s device id 7-bit address is: 0x4d ( 0b1001101 ) 4.4 master read bit timing master read is to receive touch reports and command responses from the ar1021. ? address bits are latched into the ar1021 on the rising edges of scl. ? data bits are latched out of the ar1021 on the rising edges of scl. ? ack is presented (by ar1021 for address, by master for data) on the ninth clock. ? the master must monitor the scl pin prior to asserting another clock pulse, as the ar1021 may be holding off the master by stretching the clock. figure 4-1: i 2 c master read bit timing diagram steps 1. scl and sda lines are idle high. 2. master presents ?start? bit to the ar1021 by taking sda high-to-low, followed by taking scl high-to-low. 3. master presents 7-bit address, followed by a r/w = 1 (read mode) bit to the ar1021 on sda, at the rising edge of eight master clock (scl) cycles. 4. ar1021 compares the received address to its device id. if they match, the ar1021 acknowledges (ack) the master sent address by presenting a low on sda, followed by a low-high-low on scl. 5. master monitors scl, as the ar1021 may be ?clock stretching?, holding scl low to indicate that the master should wait. table 4-2: i 2 c pin voltage level characteristics function pin input output scl/sck scl/sck/tx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd ? sdo sdo ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd sda sdi/sda/rx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd open-drain note 1: these parameters are characterized but not tested. 2: at 10 ma. 3: at ?4 ma. table 4-3: i 2 c device id address device id address, 7-bit a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 1001101 table 4-4: i 2 c device write id address a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 1 0 0 1 1010 0x9a table 4-5: i 2 c device read id address a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 1 0 0 1 1011 0x9b ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 16 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 6. master receives eight data bits (msb first) presented on sda by the ar1021, at eight sequential master clock (scl) cycles. the data is latched out on scl falling edges to ensure it is valid during the subsequent scl high time. 7. if data transfer is not complete, then: - master acknowledges (ack) reception of the eight data bits by presenting a low on sda, followed by a low-high-low on scl. - go to step 5. 8. if data transfer is complete, then: - master acknowledges (ack) reception of the eight data bits and a completed data transfer by presenting a high on sda, followed by a low-high-low on scl. 9. master presents a ?stop? bit to the ar1021 by taking scl low-high, followed by taking sda low-to-high. 4.5 master write bit timing master write is to send supported commands to the ar1021. ? address bits are latched into the ar1021 on the rising edges of scl. ? data bits are latched into the ar1021 on the rising edges of scl. ? ack is presented by ar1021 on the ninth clock. ? the master must monitor the scl pin prior to asserting another clock pulse, as the ar1021 may be holding off the master by stretching the clock. figure 4-2: i 2 c master write bit timing diagram steps 1. scl and sda lines are idle high. 2. master presents ?start? bit to the ar1021 by taking sda high-to-low, followed by taking scl high-to-low. 3. master presents 7-bit address, followed by a r/w = 0 (write mode) bit to the ar1021 on sda, at the rising edge of eight master clock (scl) cycles. 4. ar1021 compares the received address to its device id. if they match, the ar1021 acknowledges (ack) the master sent address by presenting a low on sda, followed by a low-high-low on scl. 5. master monitors scl, as the ar1021 may be ?clock stretching?, holding scl low to indicate the master should wait. 6. master presents eight data bits (msb first) to the ar1021 on sda, at the rising edge of eight master clock (scl) cycles. 7. ar1021 acknowledges (ack) receipt of the eight data bits by presenting a low on sda, followed by a low-high-low on scl. 8. if data transfer is not complete, then go to step 5. 9. master presents a ?stop? bit to the ar1021 by taking scl low-high, followed by taking sda low-to-high. 4.6 clock stretching the master normally controls the clock line scl. clock stretching is when the slave device holds the scl line low, indicating to the master that it is not ready to continue the communications. during communications, the ar1021 may hold off the master by stretching the clock with a low on scl. the master must monitor the slave scl pin to ensure the ar1021 is not holding it low, prior to asserting another clock pulse for transmitting or receiving. 4.7 ar1020 write conditions the ar1020 part does not implement clock stretching on write conditions. a 50 us delay is needed before the stop bit, when clocking a command to the ar1020. ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 17 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 4.8 touch report protocol touch coordinates, when available, are provided to the master by the ar1021 in the following protocol (see figure 4-3 ). figure 4-3: i 2 c touch report protocol note that the irq signal shown above occurs on the sdo pin of the ar1021. 4.9 command protocol the master issues supported commands to the ar1021 in the following protocol. below is an example of the enable_touch command (see figure 4-4 ). figure 4-4: i 2 c command protocol note that the irq shown above occurs on the sdo pin. ? 0x9a ar1021 device id address ? 0x00 protocol command byte (send 0x00 for the protocol command register) ? 0x55 header ? 0x01 data size ? 0x12 command 4.10 sleep state pending communications are not maintained through a sleep/wake cycle. if the sdo pin is asserted for a pending touch report or command response, and the ar1021 enters a sleep state, prior to the master performing a read on the data, then the data is lost. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 18 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 5.0 spi communications spi operates in slave mode with an idle low sck and data transmitted on the sck falling edge. 5.1 spi hardware interface a summary of the hardware interface pins is shown below in tab l e 5 - 1 . sck pin ? the ar1021 controller?s scl/sck/tx pin receives serial clock (sck), controlled by the host. ? the idle state of the sck should be low. ? data is transmitted on the falling edge of sck. sdi pin ? the ar1021 controller?s sdi/sda/rx pin reads serial data input (sdi), sent by the host. sdo pin ? the ar1021 controller?s sdo pin presents serial data output (sdo) to the host. siq pin ? the ar1021 controller?s siq pin provides an optional interrupt output from the controller to the host. ? the siq pin is asserted high when the controller has data available (a touch report or a command response) for the host. ? the siq pin is deasserted after the host clocks out the first byte of the data packet. ss pin ? the ar1021 controller?s ss pin provides optional ?slave select? functionality. in the ?inactive? state, the controller?s sdo pin presents a high-impedance in order to prevent bus contention with another device on the spi bus. table 5-1: spi hardware interface ar1021 pin description m1 connect to v dd to select spi communications sdi serial data sent from master sck serial clock from master sdo serial data to master spi siq interrupt output to master (optional) ss slave select (optional) note: the ar1000 development kit pickit? serial pin 1 is designated for the siq interrupt pin after the firmware updated is executed for the pickit. ss pin level ar1021 select v ss active v dd inactive ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 19 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 5.2 spi pin voltage level characteristics 5.3 data flow spi data is transferred by the host clocking the ar1021 controller?s serial clock (sck) pin. each host driven clock cycle simultaneously shifts a bit of data into and out from the ar1021 controller: ? out from the ar1021 controller?s serial data out (sdo) line. ? into the ar1021 controller?s serial data in (sdi) line. the data is shifted most significant bit (msb) first. if the host clocks data out from the ar1021 controller when no valid data is available, then a byte value of 0x4d will be presented by the controller. 5.4 touch report protocol the ar1021 controller?s touch reporting is interrupt driven: ? the ar1021 controller asserts the siq interrupt pin high when it has a touch report ready. ? the host clocks out the bytes of the touch report packet from the ar1021 controller. ? the ar1021 controller clears the siq interrupt pin low, after the first byte of the touch report packet has been clocked out by the host. the communication protocol for the ar1021 controller reporting touches to the host as shown below in figure 5-1 . figure 5-1: spi touch report protocol table 5-2: spi pin voltage characteristics operating voltage: 2.5v v dd 5.25v function pin input output sck scl/sck/tx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd ? sdi sdi/sda/rx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd vih v dd ? sdo sdo ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd siq siq ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd ss ss v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd note 1: these parameters are characterized but not tested. 2: at 10 ma. 3: at -4 ma. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 20 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 5.5 command protocol the ar1021 controller receives commands from the host as follows: ? the host clocks the bytes of a command to the ar1021 controller. ? the ar1021 controller asserts the siq interrupt pin high when it is ready with a response to the command sent by the host. ? the host clocks out the bytes of the command response from the ar1021 controller. ? the ar1021 controller clears the siq interrupt pin low, after the first byte of the command response has been clocked out by the host. the communication protocol for the host sending the enable_touch command to the ar1021 controller is shown below in figure 5-2 . figure 5-2: spi timing di agram ? command protocol ( enable_touch ) 5.6 spi bit timing ? general general timing waveforms are shown below in figure 5-3 . figure 5-3: spi general bit timing waveform ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 21 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 5.7 timing ? bit details 5.7.1 bit rate the spi standard does not specify a maximum data rate for the serial bus. in general, spi data rates can be in mhz. peripherals devices, such as the ar1021 controller, specify their own unique maximum spi data rates. the maximum spi bit rate for the ar1021 controller is ~900 khz. characterization has been performed at bit rates of ~39 khz and ~156 khz. 5.7.2 inter-byte delay the ar1021 controller requires an inter-byte delay of ~50 us. this means the host should wait ~50 us between the end of clocking a given byte and the start of clocking the next byte. 5.7.3 bit timing ? detail characterized timing details are shown below, in figure 5-4 . figure 5-4: spi bit timing ? detail table 5-3: spi bit timing min. and max. values parameter number (1) parameter description min. max. units 10 ss (select) to sck (initial) 500 ? ns 11 sck high 550 ? ns 12 sck low 550 ? ns 13 sck (last) to ss (deselect) 800 ? ns 14 sdi setup before sck 100 ? ns 15 sdi hold after sck 100 ? ns 16 sdo valid after sck ?150ns 17 sdo rise ? 50 ns 18 sdo fall ? 50 ns 19 ss (deselect) to sdo high-z 10 50 ns note 1: parameters are characterized, but not tested. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 22 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 6.0 uart communications uart communication is fixed at 9600 baud rate, 8n1 format. sleep mode will cause the tx line to drop low, which may appear as a 0x00 byte sent from the controller. table 6-1: uart hardware interface ar1011 pin description m1 connect m1 to v dd to select uart communications tx transmit to host rx receive from host sdo connect sdo to v ss ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 23 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 7.0 touch reporting protocol touch coordinates are sent from the controller to the host system in a 5-byte data packet, which contains the x-axis coordinate, y-axis coordinate, and a ?pen-up/ down? touch status. the range for x-axis and y-axis coordinates is from 0- 4095 (12-bit). the realized resolution is 1024, and bits x1:x0 and y1:y0 are zeros. it is recommended that applications be developed to read the 12-bit coordinates from the packet and use them in a 12-bit format. this enhances the application robustness, as it will work with either 10 or 12 bits of coordinate information. the touch coordinate reporting protocol is shown below in tab l e 7 - 1 . where: ?p: 0 pen up, 1 pen down ?r: reserved ? x11-x0: x-axis coordinate ? y11-y0: y-axis coordinate table 7-1: touch coordinate reporting protocol byte # bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 1 1 rrrrrrp 2 0 x6 x65 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 3 0 0 0 x11 x10 x9 x8 x7 4 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0 5 0 0 0 y11 y10 y9 y8 y7 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 24 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 8.0 configuration registers the configuration registers allow application-specific customization of the controller. the default values have been optimized for most applications and are automatically used, unless you choose to change them. unique sensors and/or product applications may benefit from adjustment of configuration registers. 8.1 restoring default parameters ? ar1010/ar1020 the factory default settings for the configuration registers can be recovered by writing a value of 0xff to address 0x00 of the eeprom, then cycling power. ? ar1011/ar1021 the factory default settings for the configuration registers can be recovered by writing a value of 0xff to addresses 0x01 and 0x29 of the eeprom, then cycling power. configuration registers are defined as an offset value from the start address for the register group. to read or write to a register, do the following: ? issue the register_start_address_re- quest command to obtain the start address for the register group. ? calculate the desired register?s absolute address by adding the register?s offset value to start address for the register group. ? issue the register_read or register_write command, using the calculated register?s absolute address. note: although most registers can be configured for a value ranging from 0 to 255, using a value outside the specified range for the specific register may negatively impact performance. table 8-1: config uration registers register name address offset bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 ar1010/ ar1020 default ar1011/ ar1021 default ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 25 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 8.2 register descriptions 8.2.1 touchthreshold register (offset 0x02) the touchthreshold register sets the threshold for a touch condition to be detected as a touch. a touch is detected if it is below the touchthreshold setting. too small of a value might prevent the controller from accepting a real touch, while too large of a value might allow the controller to accept very light or false touch conditions. valid values are as follows: 0 touchthreshold 255 8.2.2 sensitivityfilter register (offset 0x03) the sensitivityfilter register sets the level of touch sensitivity. a higher value is more sensitive to a touch (accepts a lighter touch), but may exhibit a less stable touch position. a lower value is less sensitive to a touch (requires a harder touch), but will provide a more stable touch position. valid values are as follows: 0 sensitivityfilter 10 8.2.3 samplingfast register (offset 0x04) the samplingfast register sets the level of touch measurement sample averaging, when touch movement is determined to be fast. see the speedthreshold register for information on the touch movement threshold. a lower value will provide for a higher touch coordinate reporting rate when touch movement is fast, but may exhibit more high-frequency random noise error in the touch position. a higher value will reduce the touch coordinate reporting rate when touch movement is fast, but will reduce high-frequency random noise error in the touch position. valid values are as follows: samplingfast: <1, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128> recommended values: <4, 8, 16> higher values may improve accuracy with some sensors. 8.2.4 samplingslow register (offset 0x05) the samplingslow register sets the level of touch measurement sample averaging, when touch movement is slow. see the speedthreshold register for information on the touch movement threshold. a lower value will increase the touch coordinate reporting rate when the touch motion is slow, but may exhibit a less stable more jittery touch position. a higher value will decrease the touch coordinate reporting rate when the touch motion is slow, but will provide a more stable touch position. valid values are as follows: samplingslow: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128 8.2.5 accuracyfilterfast register (offset 0x06) the accuracyfilterfast register sets the level of an accuracy enhancement filter, used when the touch movement is fast. see the speedthreshold register for information on the touch movement threshold. a lower value will provide better touch coordinate resolution when the touch motion is fast, but may exhibit more low-frequency noise error in the touch position. a higher value will reduce touch coordinate resolution when the touch motion is fast, but will reduce low- frequency random noise error in the touch position. valid values are as follows: 1 accuracyfilterfast 8 higher values may improve accuracy with some sensors. 8.2.6 accuracyfilterslow register (offset 0x07) the accuracyfilterslow register sets the level of an accuracy enhancement filter, used when the touch movement is slow. see the speedthreshold register for information on the touch movement threshold. a lower value will provide better touch coordinate resolution when the touch motion is slow, but may exhibit more low-frequency noise error in the touch position. a higher value will reduce touch coordinate resolution when the touch motion is slow, but will reduce low- frequency random noise error in the touch position. valid values are as follows: 1 accuracyfilterslow 8 8.2.7 speedthreshold register (offset 0x08) the speedthreshold register sets the threshold for touch movement to be considered as slow or fast. a lower value reduces the touch movement speed that will be considered as fast. a higher value increases the touch movement speed that will be considered as fast. valid values are as follows: 0 speedthreshhold 255 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 26 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 8.2.8 sleepdelay register (offset 0x0a) the sleepdelay register sets the time duration with no touch or command activity that will cause the controller to enter a low-power sleep mode. valid values are as follows: 0 sleepdelay 255 sleep delay time = sleepdelay * 100 ms; when sleep- delay > 0 a value of zero disables the sleep mode, such that the controller will never enter low-power sleep mode. a touch event will wake the controller from low-power sleep mode and start sending touch reports. commu- nications sent to the controller will wake it from the low- power sleep mode and initiate action to the command. 8.2.9 penupdelay register (offset 0x0b) the penupdelay register sets the duration of a pen-up event that the controller will allow, without sending a pen-up report for the event. the delay time is started upon detecting a pen-up condition. if a pen down is reestablished before the delay time expires, then pen-down reports will continue without a pen up being sent. this effectively debounces a touch event in process. a lower value will make the controller more responsive to pen ups, but will cause more touch drop outs with a lighter touch. a higher value will make the controller less responsive to pen ups, but will reduce the number of touch drop outs with a lighter touch. valid values are as follows: 0 penupdelay 255 pen-up delay time penupdelay * 240 s 8.2.10 touchmode register (offset 0x0c) the touchmode register configures the action taken for various touch states. there are three states of touch for the controller?s touch reporting action which can be independently controlled. touch states: 1. pen down (initial touch) user defined 0-3 touch reports, with selectable pen states. 2. pen movement (touch movement after initial touch) user defined no-touch reports or streaming touch reports, with selectable pen states. 3. pen up (touch release) user defined 0-3 touch reports, with selectable pen states. every touch report includes a ?p? (pen) bit that indicates the pen state. ? pen down: p = 1 ?pen up: p = 0 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 27 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller a couple of typical setup examples for the touchmode are as follows: ? report a pen down p= 1 on initial touch, followed by reporting a stream of pen downs p= 1 during the touch, followed by a final pen up p= 0 on touch release. touchmode = 0b01010001 = 0x51 ? report a pen up p= 0 then a pen down p= 1 on initial touch, followed by reporting a stream of pen downs p= 1 during the touch, followed by a final pen up p= 0 on touch release. touchmode = 0b10110001 = 0xb1 register 8-1: touchmode register format r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w pd2 pd1 pd0 pm1 pm0 pu2 pu1 pu0 bit 7 bit 0 legend: r = readable bit w = writable bit u = unimplemented bit, read as ?0? bit 7-5 pd<2:0>: pen-down state bits (action taken upon pen down). 000 = no touch report 001 = touch report with p= 0 010 = touch report with p= 1 011 = touch report with p= 1 , then touch report with p= 0 100 = touch report with p= 0 , then touch report with p= 1 , then touch report with p= 0 101 = touch report with p= 0 , then touch report with p= 1 bit 4-3 pm<1:0>: pen movement state bits (action taken upon pen movement). 00 = no touch report 01 = touch report with p= 0 10 = touch report with p= 1 bit 2-0 pu<2:0>: pen-up state bits (action taken upon pen up). 000 = no touch report 001 = touch report with p= 0 010 = touch report with p= 1 011 = touch report with p= 1 , then touch report with p= 0 100 = touch report with p= 0 , then touch report with p= 1 , then touch report with p= 0 101 = touch report with p= 0 , then touch report with p= 1 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 28 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 8.2.11 touchoptions register (offset 0x0d) the touchoptions register contains various ?touch? related option bits. 8.2.12 calibrationinset register (offset 0x0e) the calibrationinset register defines the expected position of the calibration points, inset from the perimeter of the touch sensor?s active area, by a percentage of the full scale dimension. this allows for the calibration targets to be placed inset from edge to make it easier for a user to touch them. the calibrationinset register value is only used when the calibration_mode command is issued to the controller. in calibration mode, the controller will extrapolate the calibration point touch report values by the defined calibrationinset percentage to achieve full scale. a software application that issues the calibration_mode command must present the displayed calibration targets at the same inset percentage as defined in this calibrationinset register. valid values are as follows: 0 calibrationinset 40 calibration inset = (calibrationinset/2) %, range of 0- 20% with 0.5% resolution for example, calibrationinset = 25 (0x19) yields a calibration inset of (25/2) or 12.5%. during the calibration procedure, the controller will internally extrapolate the calibration point touch values in calibration mode by 12.5% to achieve full scale. figure 8-1: calibration target example register 8-2: touchoptions register u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 r/w r/w ? ? ? ? ? ? 48w cce bit 7 bit 0 legend: r = readable bit w = writable bit u = unimplemented bit, read as ?0? bit 7-2 unimplemented : read as ? 0 ? bit 1 48w: 4-wire or 8-wire sensor selection bit 1 = selects 8-wire sensor operating mode 0 = selects 4-wire sensor operating mode bit 0 cce: calibrated coordinates enable bit 1 = enables calibrated coordinates, if the controller has been calibrated 0 = disables calibrated coordinates note: a 4-wire touch sensor will not work if the 48w configuration bit is incorrectly defined as 1 , which selects 8-wire. an 8-wire touch sensor will provide basic operation if the 48w configuration bit is incorrectly defined as 0 , which selects 4- wire. however, the benefit of the 8-wire sensor will only be realized if the 48w configuration bit is correctly defined as 1 , selecting 8-wire. location of calibration targets presented during calibration. 12.5% of full scale 12.5% of full scale ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 29 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 8.2.13 penstatereportdelay register (offset 0x0f) the penstatereportdelay register sets the delay time between sending of sequential touch reports for the ?pen-down? and ?pen-up? touch mode states. see section 8.2.10 ?touchmode register (offset 0x0c)? for touch modes. for example, if ?pen-up? state of the touchmode register is configured to send a touch report with p= 1 , followed by a touch report with p= 0 , then this delay occurs between the two touch reports. this provides some timing flexibility between the two touch reports that may be desired in certain applications. valid values are as follows. 0 penstatereportdelay 255 pen state report delay time = penstatereportdelay * 50 s 8.2.14 touchreportdelay register (offset 0x11) the touchreportdelay register sets a forced delay time between successive touch report packets. this allows slowing down of the touch report rate, if desir- able for a given application. for example, a given appli- cation may not need a high rate of touch reports and may want to reduce the overhead used to service all of the touch reports being sent. in this situation, increas- ing the value of this register will reduce the rate at which the controller sends touch reports. valid values are as follows: 0 touchreportdelay 255 touch report delay time touchreportdelay * 500 s ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 30 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 9.0 commands 9.1 sending commands 9.1.1 command send format the controller supports application-specific configuration commands as shown in tab l e 9 - 1 , below. to ensure command communication is not interrupted by touch activity, it is recommended that the controller touch is disabled, prior to other commands. this can be done as follows: 1. send disable_touch command 2. wait 50 ms 3. send desired commands 4. send enable_touch command 9.1.2 command response a received command will be responded to as seen in table 9-2 below. the ?status? value within the response packet should be one of the following (see table 9-3 ): table 9-1: command send format byte # name value description 1 header 0x55 header (mark beginning of command packet) 2 size 0x<> size, # of bytes following this byte 3 command 0x<> command id 4 data 0x<> data, if applicable for the command : data 0x<> data, if applicable for the command table 9-2: command response format byte # name value description 1 header 0x55 header (mark beginning of command packet) 2 size 0x<> size, # of bytes following this byte 3 status 0x<> status 4 command 0x<> command id 5 data 0x<> data, if applicable for the command : data 0x<> data, if applicable for the command table 9-3: command response status values status value description 0x00 success 0x01 command unrecognized 0x03 header unrecognized 0x04 command time out (exceeded ~100 ms) 0xfc cancel calibration mode ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 31 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 9.1.3 disable touch before sending subsequent commands the ar1000 does not support full duplex communications. it cannot send touch reports to the host simultaneously with receiving commands from the host. disable ar1000 touch reporting prior to sending any other command(s), then re-enable touch reporting when complete with executing other commands. 1. send the disable_touch command. check for expected command response. 2. send a desired command. check for expected command response. 3. repeat at step 2 if another command is to be sent. 4. send the enable_touch command. check for expected command response. 9.1.4 confirm command is sent confirm each command sent to the ar1000, prior to issuing another command, to ensure it is executed. this is accomplished by evaluating the ar1000 response to a command that has been sent to it. check for each of the following five conditions to be met (see ta bl e 9 - 4 ). 0x<> represents a value that is dependent on the command. an error has occurred if no response is received at all or if any of the above conditions are not met in the response from the ar1000. if an error condition occurs, delay for a period of ~50 ms then send the same command again. table 9-4: command response error conditions condition response byte description header 1 header 0x55 value is expected size 2 size 0x<> value to match what is expected for command sent status 3 status 0x00 ?success? value is expected id 4 command id 0x<> value to match what is expected (id of sent command) data 5 to end data byte count to match what is expected for command sent ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 32 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 9.2 ar1000 commands 9.3 ar1000 command descriptions 9.3.1 get_version ? 0x10 controller will return version number and type. send: <0x55><0x01><0x10> receive: <0x55><0x05> ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 33 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 9.3.2 enable_touch ? 0x12 controller will send touch coordinate reports for valid touch conditions. send: <0x55><0x01><0x12> receive: <0x55><0x02> ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 34 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 9.3.4.1 ar1010/ar1020 calibrate response a successful calibrate command results in five response packets being sent to the host. once the response has been received for the completed 4 th target, a delay of one second must be implemented prior to sending any commands to the controller. this one second delay insures all data has been completely written to the eeprom. 9.3.4.2 ar1011/ar1021 calibrate response a successful calibrate command results in six response packets being sent to the host. send: <0x55><0x02><0x14> ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 35 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 9.3.4.3 calibration data encoded and stored in eeprom system integrators may prefer to preload a calibration into their design. this allows the user to properly navigate to the calibration routine icon or shortcut without the use of a mouse. this also addresses the need to calibrate each system individually before deploying it to the field. the raw touch coordinates, decoded by the controller, for each of the four calibration touches are extrapolated if calibrationinset was non-zero. the four coordinate pairs are then re-oriented, if required, such that the upper left corner is the minimum (x,y) ?origin? value pair and the lower right corner is the maximum (x,y) value pair. coordinates are 10-bit significant values, scaled to 16-bit and stored in a high (hi) and low (lo) byte pair. decode the above data to as follows: 1. swap the order of stored low and high bytes for a given coordinate. 2. convert the 16-bit value (stored high and low bytes) from hexadecimal to decimal. 3. divide the result by 64 to properly rescale the 16-bit stored value back to a 10-bit significant coordinate. example of low = 0x40 and high = 0xf3: swap: 0xf340 hex to decimal: 62272 divide by 64: 973 for storing desired calibration values to the eeprom: ? ar1010/ar1020 (see section 9.3.12 ?eeprom map? ). ? ar1011/ar1021 (see section 9.3.12 ?eeprom map? and section 10.2 ?ar1011/ar1021 stor- ing default calibration values to eeprom? ). separator upper left (node 1) upper right (node 2) lower right (node 3) lower left (node 4) flip state xy x yx y x y lo hi lo hi lo hi lo hi lo hi lo hi lo hi lo hi register 9-2: flip state byte u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 r/w r/w r/w ? ? ? ? ? xyflip xflip yflip bit 7 bit 0 legend: r = readable bit w = writable bit u = unimplemented bit, read as ?0? bit 7-3 unimplemented : read as ? 0 ? bit 2 xyflip: x and y axis flip bit 1 = x and y axis are flipped 0 = x an y axis are not flipped bit 1 xflip: x-axis flip bit 1 = x-axis flipped 0 = x-axis not flipped bit 0 yflip: y-axis flip bit 1 = y-axis flipped 0 = y-axis not flipped ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 36 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 9.3.5 register_read ? 0x20 reads a value from a controller register location. this can be used to determine a controller configuration setting. configuration registers are defined as an offset value from the start address for the register group. read a register as follows: 1. issue the register_start_address_request command to obtain the start address for the register group . 2. calculate the desired register?s absolute address by adding the register?s offset value to start address for the register group. 3. issue this register_read command, as follows, using the calculated register?s absolute address: send: <0x55><0x04><0x20> ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 37 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 9.3.10 eeprom_write ? 0x29 the controller has 256 bytes of on-board eeprom. this command provides a means to write values to the user space within the eeprom. ? the first 128 bytes (address range 0x00-0x7f) are reserved by the controller for the configura- tion register settings and calibration data. only the register write to eeprom command should be used to write configuration registers to eeprom. failure to use the register write command to save configuration registers to eeprom may result in failures or reverting to previously stored configuration register values. ? the second 128 bytes (address range 0x80-0xff) are provided for the user?s application, if desired. write to eeprom as follows: send: <0x55><0x04 + # eeprom to write><0x29> ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 38 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 0x20 calibration lr y-high 0x21 calibration ll x-low 0x22 calibration ll x-high 0x23 calibration ll y-low 0x24 calibration ll y-high 0x25 calibration flip state 0x26:0x7e ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 39 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 10.0 application notes 10.1 calibration of touch sensor with controller the reported coordinates from a touch screen controller are typically calibrated to the application?s video display. the task is often left up to the host to perform. this controller provides a feature for it to send coordinates that have already been calibrated, rather than the host needing to perform this task. if enabled, the feature will apply pre-collected 4-point calibration data to the reported touch coordinates. calibration only accounts for x and y directional scaling. it does not correct for angular errors due to rotation of the touch sensor on the video display. the calibration process can be canceled at anytime by sending a command to the controller. upon completion of the calibration process, the calibration data is automatically stored to the eeprom and ?calibrated coordinates? is enabled. the process of ?calibration? with the controller is described below. 1. disable touch reporting by issuing ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 40 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 11. software must display the third calibration point target in the lower right quadrant of the display and prompt the user to touch and release the target. figure 10-3: suggested text for third calibration target 12. wait for the user to touch and release the third calibration point target. do this by looking for a controller response of: <0x55><0x02><0x00><0x14> 13. software must display the fourth calibration point target in the lower left quadrant of the display and prompt the user to touch and release the target. figure 10-4: suggested text for fourth calibration target 14. wait for the user to touch and release the fourth calibration point target. do this by looking for a controller response of: <0x55><0x02><0x00><0x14> 15. wait for the controller to correctly write calibration data into eeprom ? ar1010/ar1020: wait one second for data to be stored into eeprom ? ar1011/ar1021: wait for a controller response of <0x55><0x02><0x00><0x14> 16. enable touch reporting by issuing enable_touch command. send: <0x55><0x01><0x12> receive: <0x55><0x02> ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 41 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 10.2 ar1011/ar1021 storing default calibration values to eeprom if you wish to implement fixed calibration values, preloaded into the ar1000 eeprom, then the following procedure must be followed (see section 10.2.1 ?preparation for fixed calibration values? ). 10.2.1 preparation for fixed calibration values determine if fixed calibration values are suitable for your application and determine your desired values. calculate a checksum for your custom data set. see section 9.3.4.3 ?calibration data encoded and stored in eeprom? for additional details regarding calibration data format. an example of calculating the checksum is shown below (see tab l e 1 0- 1 ). the checksum is an 8-bit value calculated by successive additions with overflow ignored, as shown below. checksum = 0x45 for each of the 18 calibration values, starting at the block key and ending with the flip state checksum += calibration value next calibration value table 10-1: checksum calculation example description value operation checksum result seed 0x45 n/a 0x45 block key 0x55 0x45 + 0x55 = 0x9a upper left x low byte 0x06 0x9a + 0x06 = 0xa0 upper left x high byte 0x1b 0xa0 + 0x1b = 0xbb upper left y low byte 0xa5 0xbb + 0xa5 = 0x60 upper left y high byte 0x08 0x60 + 0x08 = 0x68 upper right x low byte 0x13 0x68 + 0x13 = 0x7b upper right x high byte 0xdf 0x7b + 0xdf = 0x5a upper right y low byte 0xf4 0x5a + 0xf4 = 0x4e upper right y high byte 0x0b 0x4e + 0x0b = 0x59 lower right x low byte 0x98 0x59 + 0x98 = 0xf1 lower right x high byte 0xe4 0xf1 + 0xe4 = 0xd5 lower right y low byte 0x1e 0xd5 + 0x1e = 0xf3 lower right y high byte 0xec 0xf3 + 0xec = 0xdf lower left x low byte 0xbf 0xdf + 0xbf = 0x9e lower left x high byte 0x1a 0x9e + 0x1a = 0xb8 lower left y low byte 0x32 0xb8 + 0x32 = 0xea lower left y high byte 0xe7 0xea + 0xe7 = 0xd1 flip state 0x01 0xd1 + 0x01 = 0xd2 checksum 0xd2 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 42 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 10.2.2 execution of fixed calibration value loading follow error checking practices by checking the ar1000 responses to issued commands. 1. send the ar1000 disable_touch command. 2. use the ar1000 eeprom_write command multiple times to write the following to the ar1000 eeprom. a. block key 0x55 to address 0x16 b. data set to addresses 0x17:0x27. see section 9.3.4.3 ?calibration data encoded and stored in eeprom? and section 9.3.12 ?eeprom map? . c. checksum for the data block to address 0x28 d. mirror image of a, b and c from above to address 0x3e:0x50 3. set the cce bit of the touchoptions register. this will enable the controller to use the calibration data on the next power boot. see section 10.2.3 ?configuring the cce bit to use fixed calibration values? for additional details on the cce bit. 4. send the ar1000 enable_touch (0x12) command. 10.2.3 configuring the cce bit to use fixed calibration values the cce bit of the touchoptions register (offset 0x0d) must be set to ? 1 ? to enable the usage of the stored calibration values in eeprom. this should be completed before re-enabling the controller via the enable_touch command. register 10-1: cce bit format u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 u-0 r/w r/w ? ? ? ? ? ? 48w cce bit 7 bit 0 legend: r = readable bit w = writable bit u = unimplemented bit, read as ?0? bit 7-2 unimplemented : read as ? 0 ? bit 1 48w: 4-wire or 8-wire sensor selection bit 1 = selects 8-wire sensor operating mode 0 = selects 4-wire sensor operating mode bit 0 cce: calibrated coordinates enable bit 1 = enables calibrated coordinates, if the controller has been calibrated 0 = disables calibrated coordinates ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 43 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 1. send the disable_touch (0x13) command. 2. send the register_start_address_request (0x22) to determine the absolute address for touchoptions register. 3. send the register_write (0x21) command to set the cce bit of the touchoptions register. 4. send registers_write_to_eeprom (0x23) command to have all current registers stored into eeprom. 5. send the ar1000 enable_touch (0x12) command. the controller will use the stored calibration data after cycling power to the controller. 10.2.4 eeprom_write command to store default calibration the eeprom_write command is shown in this section. see section 9.0 ?commands? for more command details. 10.2.5 quality test although not required, a level of quality assurance can be added to the process by the application issuing multiple eeprom_read commands to the ar1000. the response data from the eeprom_read commands would be tested by the application against the application?s desired data as a quality check. 10.2.6 example command sequence an example eight command sequence for the entire process is shown below. all values shown are in hexadecimal. calibration values are applications specific and have been symbolically represented as follows: <> = application specific value send to ar1000: 0x55 header 0x<> number of bytes to follow this one 0x29 command id 0x00 desired eeprom address to write high byte. always 0x00 0x<> desired eeprom address to write low byte 0x<> number of consecutive eeprom addresses to write (supports 0x01 to 0x08) 0x<> value # 1 to write 0x<> value # 2 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 3 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 4 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 5 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 6 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 7 to write, if applicable 0x<> value # 8 to write, if applicable response from ar1000: 0x55 header 0x02 number of bytes to follow this one 0x00 success response 0x29 command id ulxl = u pper l eft corner x -coordinate l ow byte : llyh = l ower l eft corner y -coordinate h igh byte disable_touch ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 44 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. disable touch command: 55 01 13 response: 55 020013 write calibration to eeprom image # 1 command: 55 0c 29 00 16 08 55 ulxl ulxh ulyl ulyh urxl urxh uryl response: 55 020029 command: 55 0c 29 00 1e 08 uryh lrxl lrxh lryl lryh llxl llxh llyl response: 55 020029 command: 55 07 29 00 26 03 llyh flips chksm response: 55 020029 write calibration to eeprom image # 2 command: 55 0c 29 00 3e 08 55 ulxl ulxh ulyl ulyh urxl urxh uryl response: 55 020029 command: 55 0c 29 00 46 08 uryh lrxl lrxh lryl lryh llxl llxh llyl response: 55 020029 command: 55 07 29 00 4e 03 llyh flips chksm response: 55 020029 enable use of calibrated data command: 55 01 22 response: 55 030022 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 45 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 11.0 electrical specifications absolute maximum ratings (?) ambient temperature under bias................................................................................................. ...... -40c to +125c storage temperature ............................................................................................................ ............ -65c to +150c voltage on v dd with respect to v ss .................................................................................................... -0.3v to +6.5v voltage on all other pins with respect to v ss ........................................................................... -0.3v to (v dd + 0.3v) total power dissipation........................................................................................................ ........................... 800 mw maximum current out of v ss pin .................................................................................................................... 300 ma maximum current into v dd pin ....................................................................................................................... 250 ma input clamp current (v i < 0 or v i > v dd ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 20 ma maximum output current sunk by any i/o pin..................................................................................... ............... 25 ma maximum output current sourced by any i/o pin .................................................................................. ............ 25 ma ? notice: stresses above those listed under ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ? notice: this device is sensitive to esd damage and must be handled appropriately. failure to properly handle and protect the device in an application may cause partial to complete failure of the device. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 46 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 11.1 minimum operating voltage the ar1000 series controller will operate down to 2.5v 5%. touch performance will be optimized by using the highest allowable voltage for the design. the pickit? serial included in the ar1000 development kit supports 3v-5v range of operation. 11.2 ar1000 electrical characteristics operating voltage: 2.5 v dd 5.25v function pin input output m1 m1 v ss v il 0.15*v dd (0.25*v dd + 0.9v) v ih v dd ? m2 m2 v ss v il 0.15*v dd (0.25*v dd + 0.9v) v ih v dd ? scl/sck scl/sck/tx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd ? tx scl/sck/tx ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd sdi sdi/sda/rx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd vih v dd ? sdo sdo ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd siq siq ? v ss v ol (1) (1.2v ? 0.15*v dd ) (2) (1.25*v dd ? 2.25v) (3) v oh (1) v dd sda sdi/sda/rx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd vih v dd open-drain rx sdi/sda/rx v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd vih v dd ? ss ss v ss v il 0.2*v dd 0.8*v dd v ih v dd ? note 1: these parameters are characterized but not tested. 2: at 10 ma. 3: at -4 ma. ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 47 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 12.0 packaging information 12.1 package marking information * standard picmicro ? device marking consists of microchip part number, year code, week code and traceability code. for picmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. please check with your microchip sales office. for qtp devices, any special marking adders are included in qtp price. legend: xx...x customer-specific information y year code (last digit of calendar year) yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) nnn alphanumeric traceability code pb-free jedec designator for matte tin (sn) * this package is pb-free. the pb-free jedec ? designator ( ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 3 e 3 e 20-lead ssop (5.30 mm) example 20-lead soic (7.50 mm) example xxxxxxxxxxxx yywwnnn xxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx 1021 iss 1021 iso 3 e 3 e 1042256 1042256 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 48 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 12.2 package marking information (continued) * standard picmicro ? device marking consists of microchip part number, year code, week code and traceability code. for picmicro device marking beyond this, certain price adders apply. please check with your microchip sales office. for qtp devices, any special marking adders are included in qtp price. legend: xx...x customer-specific information y year code (last digit of calendar year) yy year code (last 2 digits of calendar year) ww week code (week of january 1 is week ?01?) nnn alphanumeric traceability code pb-free jedec designator for matte tin (sn) * this package is pb-free. the pb-free jedec ? designator ( ) can be found on the outer packaging for this package. note : in the event the full microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available characters for customer-specific information. 3 e 3 e 20-lead qfn (4x4x0.9 mm) example pin 1 pin 1 iml 3 e 1042256 ar1021 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 49 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller 12.3 ordering note: the ar1011/ar1021 are recommended for new designs. the ar1010/ar1020 are still supported and available, but are not recommended for new designs. table 12-1: ordering part numbers part number communication type temp. range pin package packing ar1011-i/ml uart -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin tube ar1011-i/so uart -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin tube ar1011-i/ss uart -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin tube ar1011t-i/ml uart -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin t/r ar1011t-i/so uart -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin t/r ar1011t-i/ss uart -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin t/r ar1021-i/ml i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin tube ar1021-i/so i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin tube ar1021-i/ss i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin tube ar1021t-i/ml i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin t/r ar1021t-i/so i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin t/r ar1021t-i/ss i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin t/r ar1010-i/ml uart -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin tube ar1010-i/so uart -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin tube ar1010-i/ss uart -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin tube ar1010t-i/ml uart -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin t/r ar1010t-i/so uart -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin t/r ar1010t-i/ss uart -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin t/r ar1020-i/ml i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin tube ar1020-i/so i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin tube ar1020-i/ss i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin tube ar1020t-i/ml i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c qfn, 20 pin t/r ar1020t-i/so i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c soic, 20 pin t/r ar1020t-i/ss i 2 c/spi -40c to + 85c ssop, 20 pin t/r ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 50 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. 12.4 package details the following sections give the technical details of the packages. ! " # $ ! " #$ %! & '(!%&! %( % ")%% % " & "*"%!" &"$ %! "$ %! % # " && " + & "% *, - ./0 . & % # % ! ))%!%% *10 $ & '! ! )%!%% '$$& % ! # $ 1% & %! % 2 " ) ' % 2 $ % % " % %% 033))) & &3 2 4% 55 ** & 5&% 6 67 8 6!&( $ 6 % 9-./ 7 : % ; ; " " 2 2 9- - <- % "$$ - ; ; 7 ="% * < < " " 2 ="% * - - + - 9 7 5 % 9 - 1%5 % 5 -- - - 1% % 5 -*1 5 "2 ; - 1% > > <> 5 "="% ( ; +< l l1 a2 c e b a1 a 12 note 1 e1 e d n ) / . ! " # $ ! " #$ %! & '(!%&! %( % ")%% % " & "*"%!" &"$ %! "$ %! % # " && " + & "% *, - ./0 . & % # % ! ))%!%% *10 $ & '! ! )%!%% '$$& % ! # $ 1% & %! % 2 " ) ' % 2 $ % % " % %% 033))) & &3 2 4% 55 ** & 5&% 6 67 8 6!&( $ 6 % 9-./ 7 : % ; ; " " 2 2 9- - <- % "$$ - ; ; 7 ="% * < < " " 2 ="% * - - + - 9 7 5 % 9 - 1%5 % 5 -- - - 1% % 5 -*1 5 "2 ; - 1% > > <> 5 "="% ( ; +< l l1 a2 c e b a1 a 12 note 1 e1 e d n ) / . ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 51 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller recommended land pattern microchip technology drawing no. c04-2072b 20-lead plastic shrink small outline (ss) - 5.30 mm body [ssop] for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging note: c g e x1 y1 silk screen dimension limits units c contact pad spacing contact pitch millimeters 0.65 bsc min e max 7.20 contact pad length (x20) contact pad width (x20) y1 x1 1.75 0.45 bsc: basic dimension. theoretically exact value shown without tolerances. notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per asme y14.5m g distance between pads 0.20 nom 0.45 0.65 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 52 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 53 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 54 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. note: for the most current package drawings, please see the microchip packaging specification located at http://www.microchip.com/packaging ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 55 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller % & ' # ( ) *+*+ , !%&#" # $ ! " #$ %! & '(!%&! %( % ")%% % " 2 ) ! % " + & "% *, - ./0 . & % # % ! ))%!%% *10 $ & '! ! )%!%% '$$& % ! # $ 1% & %! % 2 " ) ' % 2 $ % % " % %% 033))) & &3 2 4% 55 ** & 5&% 6 67 8 6!&( $ 6 % -./ 7 : % < % "$$ - /% %2 + *1 7 ="% * ./ *# " "="% * 9 < 7 5 % ./ *# " "5 % 9 < /% %="% ( < - + /% %5 % 5 + - /% % % *# " " ? ; ; d exposed pad e e2 2 1 n top view note 1 n l k b e d2 2 1 a a1 a3 bottom view ) / 9. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 56 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. # $ 1% & %! % 2 " ) ' % 2 $ % % " % %% 033))) & &3 2 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 57 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller appendix a: data sheet revision history revision a (07/2009) original release of this data sheet. revision b (03/2012) updated data sheet. revision c (07/2016) updated table 4-1 and tab l e 5 - 1 . other minor corrections. ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller ds40001393c-page 58 ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. appendix b: device differences modifying, removing or adding components may adversely affect touch performance. specific manufacturers and part numbers are provided only as a guide. equivalents can be used. table b-1: bill of materials label quantity value description manufacturer part number c1 1 10 uf capacitor ? ceramic, 10 uf, 20%, 6.3v, x7r, 0603 avx 06036d106mat2a c2 1 0.1 uf capacitor ? ceramic, 0.1 uf, 10%, 16v, x7r, 0603 avx 0603yc104kat2a c3, c4, c5 (1) 2-3 0.01 uf capacitor ? ceramic, 0.01 uf, 10%, 50v, x7r, 0603 avx 06035c103kat2a d1-d8 (2) 4-8 130w diode ? bidirectional, 130w, esd protection, sod323 nxp pesd5v0s1ba r1 1 20 k ? resistor ? 20 k ? , 1/10w, 5%, 0603 yageo america rc0603jr-0720kl u1 1 n/a touch controller ic microchip ar1011 or ar1021 note 1: c5 is only needed for 5-wire applications. 2: d1-d8 are for esd protection. - 4-wire touch screen, use d1-d4 - 5-wire touch screen, use d1-d5 - 8-wire touch screen, use d1-d8 see section 3.8 ?esd considerations? and section 3.9 ?noise considerations? for important information regarding the capacitance of the controller schematic hardware. ? 2009-2016 microchip technology inc. ds40001393c-page 59 ar1000 series resistive touch screen controller the microchip website microchip provides online support via our website at www.microchip.com . this website is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers. accessible by using your favorite internet browser, the website contains the following information: ? 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2009-2016, microchip technology incorporated, printed in the u.s.a., all rights reserved. isbn: 978-1-5224-0761-4 note the following details of the code protection feature on microchip devices: ? microchip products meet the specification cont ained in their particular microchip data sheet. ? microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used i n the intended manner and under normal conditions. ? there are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. all of these methods, to our knowledge, require using the microchip products in a manner outsi de the operating specifications contained in microchip?s data sheets. most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property. ? microchip is willing to work with the customer w ho is concerned about the integrity of their code. ? neither microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer c an guarantee the security of their code. code protection does not mean that we are guaranteeing t he product as ?unbreakable.? code protection is constantly evolving. we at microchip are committed to continuously improving the code pr otection features of our products. attempts to break microchip?s code protection feature may be a violation of the digital millennium copyright act. if such acts allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyright ed work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that act. microchip received iso/ts-16949:2009 certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in chandler and tempe, arizona; gresham, oregon and design centers in california and india. the company?s quality system processes and procedures are for its pic ? mcus and dspic ? dscs, k ee l oq ? code hopping devices, serial eeproms, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and analog products. in addition, microchip?s quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is iso 9001:2000 certified. quality management s ystem certified by dnv == iso/ts 16949 == ? 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